Starting with incoming material, sample processing and compensation trade, Dongguan gradually shifted its focus to sino-foreign joint ventures, sino-foreign cooperative enterprises and wholly foreign-owned enterprises. By the end of 2011, a total of 12,000 enterprises bad been established by foreign investors from more than 30 countries and regions in the world, of which 83 enterprises were set up by 48 multi-national corporations listed among the Fortune Global 500. Over the years, the accumulated foreign investments totaled 67.2 billion USD, of which actually utilized foreign investments amounted to 60.1 billion USD.